Replace Color in Video Using FFmpeg Chromakey

This article explains how to replace a specific color in a video with a new color using the FFmpeg chromakey filter. You will learn the exact command-line syntax required to make a target color transparent and overlay your video onto a new, solid-colored background.

To replace a color in a video, you cannot simply swap one color value for another in a single step. Instead, you must use a two-step process within an FFmpeg filtergraph: first, use the chromakey filter to make the target color transparent, and second, use the overlay filter to place the keyed video on top of a newly generated background color.

Here is the standard command to achieve this:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -f lavfi -i "color=color=blue:size=1920x1080:rate=30" -filter_complex "[0:v]chromakey=color=0x00FF00:similarity=0.1:blend=0.1[keyed];[1:v][keyed]overlay=shortest=1[out]" -map "[out]" -map 0:a? -c:a copy output.mp4

How the Command Works

• -i input.mp4: Specifies your source video.
• -f lavfi -i "color=...": Generates a solid background of your desired replacement color (in this case, blue). You should match the size (resolution) and rate (frame rate) to your input video.
• chromakey=color=0x00FF00:similarity=0.1:blend=0.1: This filter targets the color you want to remove.
  • color: The hex value of the color to be removed (e.g., 0x00FF00 for pure green).
  • similarity: Controls the tolerance. A higher value matches colors close to the target color.
  • blend: Controls the opacity of the transition edges to prevent harsh pixelation.
• overlay=shortest=1: Places the transparent video ([keyed]) on top of the solid background color. shortest=1 ensures the output video stops when the input video ends.
• -map 0:a? -c:a copy: Copies the audio from the original video to the output file without re-encoding it.

Fine-Tuning the Color Replacement

If the wrong areas of your video are being replaced, adjust the similarity and blend parameters.

• For exact digital colors: Keep similarity low (around 0.01 to 0.05).
• For physical green screens: Increase similarity (between 0.1 and 0.3) to account for shadows and lighting variances.